Hrabe, 1941
Description
Body surface usually dark or striped due to adhering detritus. Prostomium small, without eyes. All chaetae bifid, with upper tooth at least twice as long as lower one. In II, 2-4 almost straight chaetae in ventral bundles, 80-105 µm long, upper tooth more than twice as long as lower one; in dorsal bundles of V, 1-3 chaetae, 73-90 µm long; further rearward only 1-2 chaetae per bundle, upper tooth twice as long as lower one. In mature individuals penial chaetae almost of the same shape, sometimes with thicker and blunter teeth. Length 2.7-6 mm, segment number in zooids 9-13, in single individuals 30-34.
Distribution
Known from the Holarctic, China, and South Africa.
Ecology
In brackish and in freshwater.
Reproduction
Mostly asexual, by paratomy (budding). Mature individuals and sexual reproduction rare or seasonal.
Literature
Hrabe, 1941: 20-22, Figs 16-19; Hrabe, 1981: 35, Pl. 3 Figs 4-6; Sperber, 1948: 86-87, Figs 8E-H; 1950: 56, Figs 5E-H; Brinkhurst and Jamieson, 1971: 319; Chekanovskaya, 1981: 251, Fig. 114; Kasprzak, 1981: 135-136, Figs 403-413.