Literature
- Brinkhurst, R.O. & Jamieson, B.G.M. 1971. Aquatic Oligochaeta of the world. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh. 860 p.
- Purschke, G., Hessling, R. & Westheide, W. 2000. The phylogenetic position of the Clitellata and the Echiura - on the problematic assessment of absent characters. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Research 38: 165-173.